ChapBook 2
To begin, there are many descriptions of eagles within the Florentine Codex. It is described in the context of both a symbol and literal anatomical description. As one of the most vital birds within Nahuatl culture, eagles are thought to represent bravery. They are essential to warriors especially, as they are the ones that require great fearlessness to head into battle. Portrayals of eagles adorn capes and props made in the image of these birds are numerous within the Florentine Codex.
Another bird that held great significance in the Aztec culture was the hummingbird, also translated from the Nahuatl term Huitzilli. Hummingbirds Hummingbirds were depicted in many scenes and text throughout the Florentine Codex, whether it was about their life cycle, the different types of hummingbirds there were, their presence in various natural forms, or their significance through the principal deity, Huitzilopochtli. Huitzilpochtli, known as the “Hummingbird of the Left" was a supreme and patron deity of the Aztecs. He was known for wearing a blue-green hummingbird headdress and carrying the xiuhcoatl, known as the fire serpent. Huitzilpochtli led the Mexica people to the promised land of the Valley of Mexica and determined the place of foundation of Tenochtitlan, their capital city.
Lastly, parrots played a very important role in Mexica life. Their feathers were used in a variety of different sectors of their society. They were often incorporated into many of the religious ceremonies, mainly decorating the dress of important figures. Additionally, parrot feathers decorated the clothing and equipment of warriors, preparing them for battle. They were also widely used by feather artisans for their bright colors. They were used to make and decorate things like fans, shirts, skirts, jackets, and shields. There are many different names for the types of parrots the Mexica used. They differentiate the types of parrots based on feather color, feather texture, and beak shape. The word “parrot” and the specific types of parrots are only used in the Nahua transcriptions of the Florentine Codex, while the Spanish transcriptions only use words like “bird” or “precious feathers.” The two versions of text available in the Florentine Codex are important to understand the role parrots played in Mexica life.
