Oral Session I: 10:00AM-11:00AM
Abstract Volume and Quick Reference Guide
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AF 209A
Communication Studies
10:00am-10:20am
The Big Fib: A Content Analysis of How Children Detect Lies
Presenter(s): Audrey Shin, Nicole Yoo
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee, Noel McGuire
As technology becomes more prevalent in our daily lives, children are now exposed to a large amount of information at a young age. However, children are a particularly understudied population in the area of deception detection research. A content analysis of the podcast The Big Fib was conducted to determine how children detect deceit. The data was examined through the lens of the truth default theory, which states that reliance on the sender’s nonverbal behaviors does not lead to accurate judgments of deception. It is expected that children will be more likely to detect lies based on information rather than paraverbal clues and that information-based detection will be more accurate than other reasons. The study found that children were able to correctly detect deceit at a rate equal to chance regardless of their reasoning. Although children were found to be more likely to base their decisions on prior knowledge over paralinguistic cues, information-based assessments did not increase the accuracy of their deception detection. Furthermore, age and gender did not have a significant impact on the child’s ability to correctly identify the liar. These findings indicate that the truth default theory also applies to children and could lead to the expansion of deception detection research as a whole.
10:20am-10:40am
The Effect of Relationship Satisfaction and Intimacy on Self-Esteem
Presenter(s): Ava Martinson, Grace Tellers, Anyssa Martinez, Macy Werner
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee
Self-esteem is unique to each individual and a challenge that many struggle with on a daily basis. Many factors contribute to how one may feel about themselves whether that be from others or their own perceptions. In this study, we would like to examine if self-esteem is affected positively by experiencing sexual intimacy with a partner. Previous research has yet to connect sexual intimacy with self-esteem. In this study, the three variables measured are intimacy, relationship satisfaction, and self-esteem. Participants completed a questionnaire including questions from the Personal Assessment of Intimacy (PAIR), the Relationship Assessment Scale (RES), and the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES). It is expected that there will be significant positive correlations between intimacy and relationship satisfaction as well as intimacy and self-esteem.
Public Relations and Advertising
10:40am-11:00am
Find Your Next Now, An advertising campaign for Tinder, 2022
Presenter(s): Zoe Rosenblum, Elizabeth Hall
Advisor(s): Kathryn Thibault
We were presented with a national challenge by the American Advertising Federation of creating a multi-touchpoint advertising campaign for Tinder that would grow brand love, consideration, and preference for 18 to 19 year olds. In addition, our team goal was to position Tinder as our target’s go-to for all things entertainment and lifestyle, and to make Tinder an app that they interact with on a daily basis. Our team used both primary and secondary research to gain better insight into the category, our target audience, and Gen-Z as a whole. To accomplish this, we purchased a target audience list to most effectively reach a national statistically significant and projectable representation of our target. We also conducted focus groups, sentiment testing, one-on-one interviews, and a comprehensive competitive audit. Through this our team realized how much Gen Z values their individuality, built a case for anticuration, and segmented our target into three different personas. Despite Tinder being top of mind for our target audience, many had a negative perception of Tinder. Discovered barriers included safety concerns, a large gender disparity, skepticism, and a perception of Tinder as a hook-up app. Research spotlighted these concerns, but also provided an opportunity for Tinder to be rebranded, and to address and reframe perceptions. Out of this, a campaign was conceived to expand and normalize the many uses of the app; generate awareness about Tinder’s ability to create a modern “meet-cute”; and create a cohesive and authentic image that is more inclusive of all Tinder’s capabilities. These findings birthed the big idea of our Tinder campaign: Find Your Next Now. The rationale for this: Tinder isn’t about forever unless you want it to be. Flexible with fill-in-the-blank potential, yet strong enough to stand on its own, the big idea embraces everything Tinder has to offer.
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AF 209B
Psychology
10:00am-10:20am
Decision Making and Anxiety
Presenter(s): Taylor Munro
Advisor(s): Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail, Dr. Tara Gruenewald
The purpose of this study was to determine a relationship between anxiety and decision-making. Evidence has propelled the understanding that self-esteem may serve as an anxiety-buffering function (Greenberg, 1992). Higher levels of self-esteem are thereby correlated with lower levels of anxiety. Additionally, when making decisions, individuals often weigh the pros and cons of each possible alternative outcome; people place importance on being in control, which correlates with both physical and mental wellbeing. Emotional distress occurs when an individual is presented with multiple choices due to fear of not choosing the best available option (Mindel, 2015). Furthermore, the doubt associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is laden with a lack of conviction or certainty, which are necessary for adaptive functioning; it has been indicated that the irrational fear of choosing or acting wrongly is more spurred by contemplation, increasing need for rational thought to avoid potential consequences, and not so much of the rational outcome (Aranovich et al., 2018). Participants were required to respond to an OCD screening tool, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the GAD-7. They were then presented with four scenarios in which they had to make a decision, after each they were asked two questions to indicate their level of confidence in their decision and anxiety experienced while making the decision. It was expected that students with higher scores of self-esteem would be more confident in their decisions. It was also expected that students who indicated higher levels of anxiety and/or obsessive-compulsive tendencies would take longer to make a decision and would indicate more anxiety and less confidence in the decision they made. Future research may imply means or methods of preventing high levels of anxiety when being faced with making a decision.
10:20am-10:40am
Facial Recognition Study
Presenter(s): Jessica Gibbons
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
Facial recognition is frequently inaccurate when it comes to identifying someone outside of one’s race, sex, and age. This misidentification can lead to wrongful incarcerations, erroneous eyewitnesses, and difficulty in training someone to be better at facial recognition. The Cross-Race Effect has shown that humans have more difficulty in accurately recognizing and remembering faces outside of their own race. The proposed study examined psychological correlates of facial recognition accuracy including social anxiety and depression severity. The study examined results gathered by a survey sent out through Chapman’s SONA system as well as through social media. We expected to find that older (80+) individuals as well as participants with more severe social anxiety and depression would perform worse at facial recognition. It was also expected that Caucasian participants would perform better due to the Cambridge Face Memory Task only having Caucasian photos. If the hypotheses are supported, facial recognition in police lineups and eye-witness testimony should be reviewed for accuracy and examined to see if other alternatives are less erroneous. In addition, if the hypothesis are supported then more research should be done on effects of multi-race facial recognition tests as well as different mental illnesses.
10:40am-11:00am
Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Creation of Aggressive and Violent Adults
Presenter(s): Ruby Moss
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
Adversity faced in childhood has long been referenced as a risk factor for mental and physical health problems in adulthood. However, there is a large gap in existing literature about how adversity faced in childhood correlates to aggressive behavioral problems in adulthood. To investigate this correlation participants of this study took both an adapted Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire and the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire. It is expected that children who experienced physical abuse and witnessed physical abuse will exhibit more aggressive behavior than children who did not. It is also expected that children who experienced adversity in early childhood between the ages of zero and 10 will display more aggressive behaviors than children who experienced adversity in later childhood. When looking at gender as a moderator, it is expected that men will report more physically aggressive behaviors than women, but when considering a modern definition of aggression, there will be no gender differences. Furthermore, children who were subjected to abuse by a male perpetrator or by both a male and female perpetrator will report more aggressive behaviors in adulthood when compared to children who were abused only by a female perpetrator. Having a better understanding of the effect of adversity in childhood on behavior in adulthood can aid us in helping aggressive adults address their childhood trauma and begin to change their behavior.
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AF 209C
Psychology
10:00am-10:20am
Impacts of Adolescent Bereavement
Presenter(s): Haley Waldron
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
Mental illnesses, specifically anxiety and depression, are an important public health issue
(Henderson, 2013). To develop protective mechanisms to decrease the future levels of depression and anxiety in our society, it is good to know what experiences produce them, who is more likely to develop symptoms, and at what points in one's life are people particularly vulnerable to mental illness. Additionally, given the acknowledgment that events in childhood
can have lifelong repercussions, it’s important to better understand specific types of childhood trauma to lessen future diagnoses of behavioral dysfunctions (Nader, 2011). The goal of this study was to examine links between the experience of childhood bereavement and
levels of anxiety and depression in adulthood. In addition, key moderators of these associations, including age of childhood bereavement experience and gender, were examined. Exploratory analyses examined the relationship of the lost loved one as an additional moderating factor. Participants were recruited from the Chapman University Psychology Department Participant Pool to complete an online survey that assessed bereavement experiences in childhood, levels of depressive and anxious symptomatology, and demographic characteristics. The occurrence of loss of specific categories of loved ones (e.g., mother, father, brother, aunt) and the age of occurrence was assessed. Anxiety and Depression were assessed with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988) and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, et al., 1961). Analyses will examine the hypothesis that levels of anxiety and depression will be higher in those with a childhood bereavement experience. It is also hypothesized that these associations will be stronger in females as compared to males and in those who lost a loved one in adolescence as compared to those in adulthood. Study findings may contribute to our understanding of the long-term correlates of childhood bereavement experiences for well-being in adulthood. Such knowledge may inform therapeutic treatments and intervention.
10:20am-10:40am
Affectionate Communication and Relationship Satisfaction in Multicultural Individuals
Presenter(s): Regina Juarez
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
Previous studies on affection have shown that, overall, showing and receiving affection leads to more positive relationships with others. However, few studies consider socio-cultural factors in expressing affection. Given the limited research in this area, the current study examined the relationship between cultural orientation and the style of communication of affection in various relationship types. This was done by analyzing the relationship between individuals’ levels of affection in three relationship types (parent-child, romantic, and platonic), their levels of satisfaction in these relationships, and the cultural orientation (collectivist vs. individualistic) of the individual and their parent, partner, and friends. In addition, the association of cultural orientation and how satisfied individuals were in their interpersonal relationships was explored. The Affectionate Communication Index (ACI) was used to measure participants’ affection levels in parent-child, romantic, and platonic relationships, while the Burns Relationship Satisfaction Scale (BRSS) was used to measure participants’ satisfaction in their interpersonal relationships. The study’s findings may suggest that there is a relationship between affectionate behaviors, cultural orientation, and relationship satisfaction. Understanding how these factors connect with each other can help clinicians, educators, and counselors be better equipped when working with individuals who are struggling with adapting to a new culture, relating to others from another cultural orientation, and/or expressing affection to another person from a different cultural orientation. Furthermore, the results from this study can be used to better understand the various ways people from different cultural orientations express their affection to others.
10:40am-11:00am
Cognitive Heuristics in Jury Decisions
Presenter(s): Sarah Band
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
In recent years, media outlets have painted the criminal justice system as a biased body that is showing the disparities between different social groups and their criminal sentences. By looking at the cognitive heuristics involved in the jury’s personal biases the outcomes of deliberations and sentences can be examined. Gigerenzer and Engel (2006) suggest that often these cognitive heuristics occur because often jurors are legally and logistically unprepared. Using a survey designed to mimic a mock trial/jury, participants were asked to read a case study, deliver a verdict, read six mock juror’s individual consensus statements, and deliver a final verdict. The criteria that was analyzed included the difference in good and bad in court conduct of the defendant, the race of the defendant, and the heterogeneity or homogeneity of the race of the juror group. The results are hypothesized to indicate that those who had a defendant that matched their race and had good in court conduct delivered a lighter verdict. Those who had a defendant who had bad conduct and did not match their identified race delivered a harsher verdict. The homogeneity and heterogeneity of the mock juror group statements are hypothesized to have a slight significance indicating that the racial makeup of jury panel can have an effect on the verdict of a trial. Overall, the hypothesized findings indicate the demographics of a jury panel and that of the defendant have an impact on trial outcome as well as the conduct of the defendant in court.
