Oral Session II: 11:30AM-12:30PM
Abstract Volume and Quick Reference Guide
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AF 209A
Communication Studies
11:30am-11:50am
Influenza Persuasion through Chabot
Presenter(s): Audrey Shin, Nicole Yoo
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee, Noel McGuire
With anti-vaccination ideology increasing especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, it
An artificial intelligence chatbot was developed to inform and persuade users to receive the influenza vaccine. Previous studies have found that humans treat robots as if they are social beings and apply the same criteria of credibility when they interact with AI. The chatbot, named FluX, is designed to communicate with users using natural language processing and streamline interactions between people and services. The chatbots are created using AIML, an open-source chatbot scripting language, and deployed through the Pandorabot platform. The chatbot’s database was adapted from the CDC and WHO with persuasive messaging using theories of credibility and message framing. This study aims to discover whether message framing has a significant impact on the user’s attitudes and behavioral intentions towards the influenza vaccine. The experiment uses a post-test only 3x2x2 factorial design. The independent variables were credibility and message framing (gain vs. loss; egoistic vs. altruistic). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the twelve conditions. The dependent variables are the participant’s attitudes towards vaccination and intention to receive the influenza vaccine after exposure to the stimulus. This study will help determine the extent to which vaccination persuasion chatbots are effective and whether they should be more widely implemented in the healthcare industry.
11:50am-12:10pm
The Negative Effects of Social Media
Presenter(s): Parker Johnson, Johnnie Ladd, Ben Grant, Chris Bogan, Joseph Taman, Talia Haddad
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee
Social media is a way for our world to connect with one another and has become a vital resource in our society. With social media usage increasing rapidly, our group wondered how this has affected the mental health of social media users. Studies have found that young adults often compare themselves to others on social media leading to a decline in self-esteem (Midgley et al., 2020). We are conducting this study in order to determine the correlation of a person’s mental health compared to the amount of time they focus towards social media in their daily lives. Our hypothesis is that increased social media usage negatively affects mental health due to decreased self esteem levels and an increase in social-comparison. By conducting an online survey, participants were asked to share what social media platform they were active on as well as how often they were using them during the week. Participants were also asked to share how often they felt depressed within the last month along with different ways they have felt mentally within the last week. The survey uses a series of different questions in Likert-type scales to obtain how these social media platforms made participants feel while using them.
12:10pm-12:30pm
Watching Viral Shows: FoMO & Need to Belong
Presenter(s): Kaylee Snow, Kyla Turner, Erin Collins, Derrik Engel
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee
The uptick of social media platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter, have caused shows like Euphoria and Squid Game to circulate among millions of people. Do those viewers watch television shows for their enjoyment, or is watching these viral shows becoming part of the social norm? Virality within social media consists of large quantities of people reacting to a message or post, either positively or negatively, and judging its relevance enough to share with others. Our study aims to understand and discover if the fear of missing out and the need to belong are positively correlated with the overconsumption of viral shows. We will be conducting our study through an online survey where our participants will remain anonymous to protect their privacy. This study utilizes a fear of missing out scale to understand better how it plays a role in what entertainment we consciously and unconsciously choose to watch. We also utilize the need to belong scale, a 10-item measure of the human need to belong, to gauge our participants' desire to belong to the social norm. The variables from the survey will not be manipulated. With the results, we will analyze the individual differences between peoples' need to belong in relation to their consumption of viral shows.
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AF 209B
Chemistry
11:30am-11:50am
Investigating the role of the counterion in calcium-mediated sulfur-fluoride exchange
Presenter(s): Leah Zahn
Advisor(s): Dr. O. Maduka Ogba
Calcium triflimide, triflate, and fluoride salts have recently gained attention as cheap, abundant, and non-toxic Lewis-acid catalysts. However, little is known about the mechanism of activation or the role of the counterions in these chemical reactions. Recent experiments show that calcium bistriflimide was effective in activating sulfur (VI) fluorides toward nitrogen-containing sulfur (VI) compounds via sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx). When calcium fluoride was used as the Lewis-acid activator instead of bistriflimide, significant reuctions in yield were observed, suggesting the non-innocent role of the counterion in facilitating calcium catalysis. In this work, density functional theory methods were used to compute and compare the SuFEx mechanism mediated by calcium fluoride to that of calcium bistriflimide. Structural, energetic, and electronic properties of the activated species are analyzed to reveal the origins of counterion-induced differences in reactivity between calcium Lewis-acidic salts.
Communication Studies
11:50am-12:10pm
Relationship-Centered Media and Cultivation Theory
Presenter(s): Katie Wilkinson, Angel Hsu, Matthew Binger, Lindsay Shahin
Advisor(s): Dr. Austin Lee
Healthy relationships, especially in regards to a significant other, have always been sought after and desired by humans. People will often pick up on social queues and observe behavior as a way to understand social norms and better fit into a collective society. The consumption of media, especially in today’s world, has played a significant role in influencing the way consumers process information/scenarios by immersing themselves into stories and developing a moral sense of how the world functions (Bilandzic, H., Schnell, C., & Sukalla, F. 2019). Television shows such as Love Island or The Bachelor/ette emphasize emotional drama between couples and the desire to find the “perfect partner.” It has only been further enhanced by social media platforms such as Tik Tok and Instagram, which allows for people to view a multitude of relationships on display and further highlights existing ideas. These ideas can be addressed by Cultivation Theory which infers that the more time we spend living in the mediated world the more we believe that that world is real. This caters to the idea that we live in a “mean world”, for if all one sees is negativity on the news they will begin to believe the world is filled with negativity. This theory implies that the more time one would spend on media, the worse they perceive the world. The beliefs one has about the world around them are impacted by how much time they spend on mediated communication. When connecting cultivation theory to the concept of relationships it is possible that when constantly viewing relationship-centered media one will begin to have negative perceptions about their own relationships. Participants consented to complete a 10 to 15-minute online survey produced using Qualtrics. Participants were asked questions in Likert Scale-style format in order to gather data about both their amount of media consumption and their level of relationship satisfaction using the Relationship Assessment Scale. It is expected that overconsumption of relationship-centered media will lead to negative perceptions about relationships.
Psychology
12:10pm-12:30pm
Body Image and Disordered Eating during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Presenter(s): Sara Iisaka
Advisor(s): Dr. David Frederick, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail, Dr. Tara Gruenewald
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been felt globally and have presented great challenges to individuals in various ways. What is less acknowledged, is how the repercussions of the pandemic have impacted body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. With increased stressors, less access to social support, and heightened focus on body image concerns in the media, a perfect storm for body dissatisfaction and eating disorders has been created. The study aimed to understand the predictors for COVID-related body image concerns and how they may place individuals at greater eating disorder risk or exacerbate preexisting symptoms. US adults (N = 2133) were surveyed via MTurk (mean age = 41, SD = 12.4). Participants were asked to report their negative or positively perceived impacts of COVID on appearance evaluation as well as weight, fitness, and eating-related behaviors. Validated measures for eating disorders, exercise motivation, and internalization of appearance-related social media pressures were included. Negative perceptions of COVID-19 on participants’ body appreciation, weight, fitness, and eating-related behaviors were positively correlated with eating disorder symptoms and severity and internalized appearance-related pressures from social media while positive and healthy motivation to exercise was negatively correlated with negative perceptions of COVID-19 on body image. There were also significant differences between men and women in their perceptions of COVID-19 on body image as well as eating disorder symptoms and severity. These findings illustrate the complex impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on individuals’ body dissatisfaction and risk for eating disorders. In a time where salient media messages are promoting weight loss, exercise, and diet to combat the alleged “Quarantine-15,” it is important to understand the potential repercussions of these messages in order to guide and support individuals’ health and well-being through the pandemic and beyond.
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AF 209C
Psychology
11:30am-11:50am
Personality and Sexual Satisfaction Among Women
Presenter(s): Kaylie Posen
Advisor(s): Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail, Dr. Tara Gruenewald
Previous research has examined the orgasm gap in which the large majority of heterosexual men reported experiencing orgasm during their most recent partnered sexual event compared to approximately 50% of heterosexual women (Herbenick et al., 2010). Additionally, Herbenick et al. (2010) found that there is a huge discrepancy between men’s perceptions of if women orgasmed versus the actual reports of women experiencing orgasm. The objective of this study was to examine personality as one factor that may affect women’s tendency to fake orgasms. One of the reasons for this discrepancy could be attributed to women faking orgasms. There are likely multiple motivations that affect women's tendency to fake orgasm. The present study was designed to assess whether the Big Five Personality Traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were associated with women faking orgasm. Additionally, this study drew upon the Five Factor Theory which states that a person’s traits have an effect on their character adaptations (habits, skills, interests, attitudes, relationships). The results indicated a correlation between neuroticism and faking orgasm in which individuals with higher levels of neuroticism reported faking more orgasms. There were no correlations between any of the other variables. The results indicated a potential relationship between a personality trait and expression of sexual satisfaction as demonstrated by the tendency to fake orgasm.
11:50am-12:10pm
50 Shades of Orgasm: An Exploration of Sexual Behavior in Women
Presenter(s): Sara Henry
Advisor(s): Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail, Dr. Amy Moors, Dr. Tara Gruenewald
The orgasm gap is a phenomenon explaining the difference in orgasm frequency between heterosexual men and women (Mintz, 2017). The overarching goal of the present study was to examine the orgasm gap in women that identify with kink-related or non-traditional sexual behavior practices (BDSM, fetish, power play) versus women that participate in fewer kink behaviors or “vanilla” sexual practices. The proposed research study investigated orgasm experiences in relation to gender of primary sexual partner, sexual behaviors, and relationship status in female participants. The kink community has been relatively understudied in comparison to others, especially in terms of determinants of sexual satisfaction (e.g., orgasm rate). Kink-identified women were recruited through online forums and websites specifically related to the world of kink (Fetlife, Reddit, Facebook), while women that were not specifically open about kink online were contacted through other online forums. The methodology was conducted through a series of questionnaires about sexual orientation, relationship status, sexual behaviors, and orgasm consistency and satisfaction. The results of this study indicated that women who practiced kink behaviors regardless of gender of partner during sex had more orgasm satisfaction and frequency than women that do not practice kink. Secondly, women in the kink community practicing a greater variety or number of kinky behaviors orgasmed more frequently and had more orgasm satisfaction. The results of this study indicated that a greater variety of sexual behaviors, specifically kink, was correlated to greater orgasm frequency. The hope is that this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of those who engage in BDSM-related practices and implications to closing the orgasm gap. In conclusion, incorporating pleasure-based models or information into sex education, such as BDSM practices and orgasm satisfaction, may be important in the future of human sexuality.
12:10pm-12:30pm
Assessing Attitudes Towards Sexual Orientations and Polyamory
Presenter(s): Meghan Flores
Advisor(s): Dr. Tara Gruenewald, Dr. Desiree Crevecoeur-MacPhail
A significant body of research has been conducted on attitudes about sexual orientation and attitudes about polyamory; however, not much is known about the intersection of attitudes regarding sexual orientations and preferences for polyamorous or monoamorous relationships. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the attitudes of college-age students towards different aspects of sexuality, including sexual orientations and sexual preferences. To conduct our study, participants were asked to engage in a short online survey to assess their perceived attitudes towards the morality of diverse sexual orientations and polyamory, as well as their perceived attitudes towards the potential association of sexual orientations and polyamory. In our results, it is expected that participants will report more negative attitudes regarding the morality of certain sexual orientations, specifically towards homosexual and bisexual individuals, as opposed to heterosexual individuals. Similarly, this study also expects to see more negative reports regarding the morality of polyamorists. In addition, it is expected that participants will report more negative attitudes about polyamory being recognized as a sexual identity in society. Finally, it is expected that participants will report bisexual subjects as most likely to participate in a polyamorous relationship, compared to homosexuals and heterosexuals. Through this study, we hope to gain a better understanding of the perceptions and opinions of college-age students at Chapman University with regard to sexuality, sexual orientations, and sexual preferences. Therefore, we hope to use this research to break down the barriers and stereotypes that people face in society regarding sexuality.
