Glossary
- HIV - HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a retrovirus that infects humans, gradually weakening the immune system. Early infection often presents as flu-like symptoms, followed by a clinical latency period, and if untreated, may progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- AIDS - AIDS, which stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is a medical condition resulting from an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is characterized by a gradual weakening of the immune system, leading to susceptibility to various opportunistic infections and cancers. AIDS is diagnosed based on specific criteria, including the presence of opportunistic infections or certain cancers.
- HIV Stigma - HIV stigma refers to negative attitudes and beliefs directed towards individuals living with HIV, often resulting in social prejudice and labeling. Discrimination involves actions stemming from these attitudes, such as refusal of healthcare services, social isolation, or derogatory language. These stigmas and discrimination can significantly impact the emotional well-being and mental health of people with HIV, leading to self-stigma, fear of disclosure, and hindering testing and treatment efforts.
- Living with HIV - Living with HIV is a preferred phrase to describe individuals who have HIV. This term acknowledges their resilience and emphasizes their life beyond the virus, avoiding negative connotations associated with terms like victim or phrases that define them solely by their condition. It promotes a more holistic and empowering perspective on individuals managing HIV.
- PEP - PEP, or post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV, involves taking a short course of HIV medications shortly after a potential HIV exposure to prevent the virus from establishing an infection. To be effective, PEP must be initiated within 72 hours of the exposure, making time crucial. It is meant for emergency situations, such as condom breakage, needle sharing, sexual assault, or workplace exposure. PEP requires a 28-day regimen, and its effectiveness increases with early initiation.
- PrEP - PrEP, or pre-exposure prophylaxis, is a preventive medication for people at risk of HIV transmission through sex or injection drug use. It's highly effective, reducing the risk of HIV transmission by about 99% when taken correctly. PrEP is available in the form of daily oral pills or a long-acting injectable and requires consultation with a healthcare provider for prescription and monitoring.
References
- Facts about HIV Stigma. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published July 12, 2022. Accessed November 10, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-stigma/index.html
- Meyer RR, Alder R. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In: Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition); 2023. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=07d795fe-43f4-3ecf-b29e-b40c3c360721
- Meyer RR, Alder R. Acquired immunodefinicieny syndrome (AIDS). In: Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition); 2023. https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id=03e06576-6c74-3fc3-94a8-f79c1975b8be